<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>journal-jmsr</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Medical and Surgical Research</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Vol. V, n 2</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>December, 2018</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>JMSR Dentistry</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Altered Smile Esthetics as Perceived by Moroccan Dentists and Orthodontists</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>535</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>543</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Amal Cherkaoui El</FirstName>
          <LastName>Aoumae</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>Objective: to evaluate and compare the perception of Moroccan dentists and orthodontists to altered smile features.&#13;
&#13;
Methods: Digital smile photographs with altered features were used including: crown length, width, lateral incisors gingival level, gingival display, midline diastema, upper midline shift. The photographs were presented and assessed by a group of 50 dentists and 50 orthodontists using the Visual Analogue Scale.&#13;
&#13;
Results: Moroccan orthodontists and non-orthodontists didn__ampersandsign#39;t share the same perception of smile esthetics. Orthodontists were more critical when assessing maxillary lateral incisors crown width alterations, Incisal midline deviation, midline diastema and gingival exposition with a threshold of 2 mm, whereas they perceived similarly gingival margin incisors irregularities.&#13;
&#13;
Conclusion: Moroccan orthodontists were more critical then dentists when assessing alterations in smile features.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Perception ,Smile features,Moroccan orthodontists, Moroccan dentists</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://journal-jmsr.net/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=5993&amp;title=Altered Smile Esthetics as Perceived by Moroccan Dentists and Orthodontists</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References>1- McLeod C, Fields HW, Hechter F, et al. Esthetics and smile characteristics evaluated by laypersons. Angle Orthod 2011 Mar; 81(2):198-205. doi: 10.2319/060510-309.1.?&#13;
&#13;
2- Krishnan V, Daniel ST, Lazar D, Asok A. Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures, and modi ed smile index. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008 Apr; 133(4):515-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.04.046&#13;
&#13;
3- Nicaud-Leon, M., Richard, O. and Le Gall, M. (2012). Le sourire : objectivitand;eacute; des critand;egrave;res permettant sa revalorisation. Revue dand;#39;Orthopand;eacute;die Dento-Faciale, 46 (2), pp.227-239.&#13;
&#13;
4- Amjad Al Taki, Mohammed Khalesi, Muftah Shagmani, Islam Yahia, and Fatma Al Kaddah, Perceptions of Altered Smile Esthetics: A Comparative Evaluation in Orthodontists, Dentists, and Laypersons , International Journal of Dentistry, Volume 2016, Article ID 7815274, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7815274&#13;
&#13;
5- E. S. J. Abu Alhaija, N. O. Al-Shamsi, and S. Al-Khateeb, "Perceptions of Jordanian laypersons and dental professionals to altered smile aesthetics," European Journal of Orthodontics, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 450-456, 2011.&#13;
&#13;
6- Hunt O, Johnston C, Hepper P, Burden D, Stevenson M. The influence of maxillary gingival exposure on dental attractiveness ratings. Eur J Orthod 2002;24:199-204.&#13;
&#13;
7- L. Ousehal , H. Aghoutan , S. Chemlali, I. Filali Anssari , N. Talic, Perception of altered smile esthetics among Moroccan professionals and lay people, The Saudi Dental Journal (2016) 28, 174-182&#13;
&#13;
8- N. Talic, S. Alomar and A. Almaidhan, "Perception of Saudi dentists and lay people to altered smile esthetics," Saudi Dental Journal, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 13-21, 2013.&#13;
&#13;
9- Bilal R, Arjumand B, Rehman S. Smile as perceived by orthodontists and general practitioners. POJ. 2010; 2: 60- 65.&#13;
&#13;
10- Talic and Al-Shakhs, 2008; perception of facial profil attractiviness by a Saudi sample, Saudi Dental Journal; 20(1): 17-2&#13;
&#13;
11- Cracel- Nogueira F, Pinho T. Assessment of the perception of smile esthetics by laypersons, dental students and dental practitioners. Internat orthod, 2013 dec 2013 Dec;11 (4):432-44.&#13;
&#13;
12- Ioi H, Nakata S, Counts A L 2009 Effects of buccal corridors on smile esthetics in Japanese. Angle Orthodontist 79: 628-6&#13;
&#13;
13- Thomas M, Reddy R, Reddy BJ. Perception differences of altered dental esthetics by dental professionals and laypersons. Indian J Dent Res. 2010; 22: 242-7.&#13;
&#13;
14- Kokich Vo, Kokich Vg, And Kiyak H. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: Asymmetric and symmetric situations. Am.J.Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop 2006; 130:141-151)&#13;
&#13;
15- Sridharan S, Samantha C. Comparison of perception of smile by orthodontists and other specialty dentists: A questionnaire study. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2016;7:92- 6.&#13;
&#13;
16- Mohammed Khalesi, Muftah Shagmani, Islam Yahia, and Fatma Al Kaddah, Perceptions of Altered Smile Esthetics: A Comparative Evaluation in Orthodontists, Dentists, and Laypersons , International Journal of Dentistry, Volume 2016, Article ID 7815274.&#13;
&#13;
17- Correa Bd, Vieira Bittencourt Ma, Machado Aw. Influence of maxillary canine gingival margin asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons. Am. J. Orthod. DO: 2014 Jan; 145 (1):55-63&#13;
&#13;
18- Kaya B, Uyar R. Influence on smile attractiveness of the smile arc in conjunction with gingival display. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop 2013 Oct; 144(4):541-7)&#13;
&#13;
19- Geron S, Atalia W. Influence of sex on the perception of oral and smile esthetics with different gingival display and incisal plane inclination. Angle Orthod 2005;75: 778-84&#13;
&#13;
20- A. V. Bittencourt. "An evaluation of the influence of gingival display level in the smile aesthetics," Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, vol. 16, no. 5, 2011.&#13;
&#13;
21- Mahshid M, Khoshvaghti A, Varshosaz M, Vallaei N. Evaluation of "golden proportion" in individuals with an es- thetic smile. J Esthet Restor Dent 2004; 16 (3): 185-92.&#13;
&#13;
22- Parnia F, Hafezeqoran A, Mahboub F, et al. Proportions of maxillary anterior teeth relative to each other and to gold- en standard in tabriz dental faculty students. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2010 Summer;4(3):83-6. Epub 2010 Sep 16.&#13;
&#13;
23- D. Rodrigues Cde, R. Magnani, M. S. Machado, and O. B. Oliveira, "the perception of smile attractiveness," e Angle Orthodontist, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 634-639, 2009. ?&#13;
&#13;
24- Pinho S, Ciriaco C, Faber J, Lenza MA. Impact of dental asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007 Dec;132(6):748-53.?&#13;
&#13;
25- Elham S. J. Abu Alhaija, Nada O. Al-Shamsi and Susan Al-Khateeb. Perceptions of Jordanian laypersons and dental professionals to altered smile aesthetics European Journal of Orthodontics 33 (2011) 450-456&#13;
&#13;
26- Kokich VO Jr, Kiyak HA, Shapiro PA. . Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental aesthetics. J J Esthet Dent 1999; 11 (6):311-24.?&#13;
&#13;
27- Manouchehr Rahmati Kamel, Elham Samadi, Fatere- Samadi, Soraya Khafri. Comparison of The Perception of Smile Esthetics Among General Dentists and Specialist, Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Pathology and Surgery Vol 3, No 2, Summer?2014&#13;
&#13;
28- B. Akinboboye, D. Umesi, and Y. Ajayi, "Transcultural perception of maxillary midline diastema," e International Journal of Esthetic Dentistry, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 610-617, 2015.&#13;
&#13;
29- S. Kumar, S. Gandhi, and A. Valiathan, "Perception of smile esthetics among Indian dental professionals and laypersons," Indian Journal of Dental Research, vol. 23, no. 2, p. 295, 2012.&#13;
&#13;
30- Gracco A, Cozzani M, Dand;#39;Elia L, Manfrini M, Peverada C, Siciliani G. The smile buccal corridors: Aesthetic value for dentists and laypersons. Prog Orthod 2006; 7: 56-65.&#13;
&#13;
31- Martin AJ, Buschang PH, Boley JC, Taylor RW, McKinney TW. The impact of buccal corridors on smile attractiveness. Eur J Orthod 2007; 29: 530-7.? ?&#13;
&#13;
32- Moore T, Southard KA, Casko JS, Qian F, Southard TE. Buccal corridors and smile esthetics. Am J O, 2005, Feb;127 (2):208-13; quiz 261</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>