<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>journal-jmsr</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Medical and Surgical Research</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Vol. V, n 1</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>June 2018</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>JMSR Pathogens</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Antiviral Immune Responses: an Oerview</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>520</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>527</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Assiya El</FirstName>
          <LastName>Kettani</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Leila</FirstName>
          <LastName>Jeddane</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Naima</FirstName>
          <LastName>Amenzoui</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Ahmed Aziz</FirstName>
          <LastName>Bousfiha</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>An effective immune response against viral infections depends on the activation of innate immunity, Tcell immunity and humoral immunity. But in some cases, infections persist and natural host immunity becomes insufficient. This work summarizes the most relevant findings on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathway of antiviral immunity responses and describes the specific mechanisms implicated in the case of some viruses causing a persistent infection: HSV-1 and HPV. Then we__ampersandsign#39;ll give examples of these persistent infections with their physiopathogenesis. The findings in molecular mechanisms of antiviral immunity may be exploited to develop new therapeutic modalities for treating persistent virus infections.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Immune response, Persistent infections, Signaling pathways, Viral infections</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://journal-jmsr.net/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=5652&amp;title=Antiviral Immune Responses: an Oerview</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References>Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM. Fields virology. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams and; Wilkins; 2007.&#13;
	Moerman-Herzog A, Nakagawa M. Early Defensive Mechanisms against Human Papillomavirus Infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol CVI. aoand;ucirc;t 2015;22(8):850?7.&#13;
	Takeuchi O, Akira S. Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell. 19 mars 2010;140(6):805?20.&#13;
	Barrat FJ, Elkon KB, Fitzgerald KA. Importance of Nucleic Acid Recognition in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Annu Rev Med. 2016;67:323?36.&#13;
	Ivashkiv LB, Donlin LT. Regulation of type I interferon responses. Nat Rev Immunol. janv 2014;14(1):36?49.&#13;
	Sin W-X, Li P, Yeong JP-S, Chin K-C. Activation and regulation of interferon-and;beta; in immune responses. Immunol Res. sept 2012;53(1?3):25?40.&#13;
	Kawai T, Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol. mai 2010;11(5):373?84.&#13;
	Gay NJ, Symmons MF, Gangloff M, Bryant CE. Assembly and localization of Toll-like receptor signalling complexes. Nat Rev Immunol. aoand;ucirc;t 2014;14(8):546?58.&#13;
	Saha SK, Cheng G. TRAF3: a new regulator of type I interferons. Cell Cycle Georget Tex. avr 2006;5(8):804?7.&#13;
	Fitzgerald KA, McWhirter SM, Faia KL, Rowe DC, Latz E, Golenbock DT, et al. IKKepsilon and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway. Nat Immunol. mai 2003;4(5):491?6.&#13;
	Honda K, Ohba Y, Yanai H, Negishi H, Mizutani T, Takaoka A, et al. Spatiotemporal regulation of MyD88-IRF-7 signalling for robust type-I interferon induction. Nature. 21 avr 2005;434(7036):1035?40.&#13;
	Wang L, Zhao J, Ren J, Hall KH, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ, et al. Protein phosphatase 1 abrogates IRF7-mediated type I IFN response in antiviral immunity. Eur J Immunol. 2016; 46 (10): 2409?19.&#13;
	13. Rehwinkel J, Reis e Sousa C. RIGorous detection: exposing virus through RNA sensing. Science. 15 janv 2010;327(5963):284?6.&#13;
	Kato H, Sato S, Yoneyama M, Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, Matsui K, et al. Cell type-specific involvement of RIG-I in antiviral response. Immunity. juill 2005;23(1):19?28.&#13;
	Schlee M. Master sensors of pathogenic RNA - RIG-I like receptors. Immunobiology. nov 2013;218(11):1322?35.&#13;
	Belgnaoui SM, Paz S, Hiscott J. Orchestrating the interferon antiviral response through the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) adapter. CurrOpinImmunol. oct 2011; 23 (5): 564?72.&#13;
	Kawasaki T, Kawai T, Akira S. Recognition of nucleic acids by pattern-recognition receptors and its relevance in autoimmunity. Immunol Rev. sept 2011;243(1):61?73.&#13;
	Sun L, Wu J, Du F, Chen X, Chen ZJ. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway. Science. 15 fand;eacute;vr 2013;339(6121):786?91.&#13;
	Wu J, Sun L, Chen X, Du F, Shi H, Chen C, et al. Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA. Science. 15 fand;eacute;vr 2013; 339 (6121): 826?30.&#13;
	Xiao TS, Fitzgerald KA. The cGAS-STING pathway for DNA sensing. Mol Cell. 25 juill 2013;51(2):135?9.&#13;
	Gray EE, Winship D, Snyder JM, Child SJ, Geballe AP, Stetson DB. The AIM2-like Receptors Are Dispensable for the Interferon Response to Intracellular DNA. Immunity. 16 2016; 45 (2): 255?66.&#13;
	Zhou Y, He C, Wang L, Ge B. Post-translational regulation of antiviral innate signaling. Eur J Immunol. 2017;47(9):1414?26.&#13;
	Liu J, Qian C, Cao X. Post-Translational Modification Control of Innate Immunity. Immunity. 19 2016;45(1):15?30.&#13;
	Deribe YL, Pawson T, Dikic I. Post-translational modifications in signal integration. Nat StructMol Biol. juin 2010; 17(6):666?72.&#13;
	Holly MK, Diaz K, Smith JG. Defensins in Viral Infection and Pathogenesis. Annu Rev Virol. 29 sept 2017;4(1):369?91.&#13;
	Frydrychovand;aacute; S, Boand;scaron;tand;iacute;kovand;aacute; V, Boand;scaron;tand;iacute;k P. [Classical and less known NK cells]. KlinMikrobiolInfekcniLek. dand;eacute;c 2016; 22(4): 152?60.&#13;
	Rosendahl Huber S, van Beek J, de Jonge J, Luytjes W, van Baarle D. T Cell Responses to Viral Infections - Opportunities for Peptide Vaccination. Front Immunol. avr 2014;5:171&#13;
	Varadarajan R, Srinivasan S, Maity S, Ghosh M. Broadly neutralizing antibodies for therapy of viral infections. 2016. 1 p.&#13;
	Su C, Zhan G, Zheng C. Evasion of host antiviral innate immunity by HSV-1, an update. VirolJ . mars 2016 ;13:38&#13;
	Khan AA, Srivastava R, Chentoufi AA, Kritzer E, Chilukuri S, Garg S, et al. Bolstering the Number and Function of HSV-1-Specific CD8+ Effector Memory T Cells and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Latently Infected Trigeminal Ganglia Reduces Recurrent Ocular Herpes Infection and Disease. J ImmunolBaltimMd 1950. 1 juill 2017;199(1):186?203.&#13;
	Casadevall A, Pirofski L-A. A new synthesis for antibody-mediated immunity. Nat Immunol. 16 dand;eacute;c 2011;13(1):21?8.&#13;
	Bousfiha A, Jeddane L, Picard C, Ailal F, Bobby Gaspar H, Al-Herz W, et al. The 2017 IUIS Phenotypic Classification for Primary Immunodeficiencies. J ClinImmunol. janv 2018;38(1):129?43.&#13;
	Zhang S-Y, Casanova J-L. Inborn errors underlying herpes simplex encephalitis: From TLR3 to IRF3. J Exp Med. 24 aoand;ucirc;t 2015;212(9):1342?3.&#13;
	UNC93B1 Symbol Report | HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. [janv 2018]. Disponible sur: https://www.genenames.org/cgibin/gene_symbol_report?hgnc_id=HGNC:13481&#13;
	Daud II, Scott ME, Ma Y, Shiboski S, Farhat S, Moscicki A-B. Association between toll-like receptor expression and human papillomavirus type 16 persistence. Int J Cancer. 15 fand;eacute;vr 2011;128(4):879?86.&#13;
	Erhart W, Alkasi and;Ouml;, Brunke G, Wegener F, Maass N, Arnold N, et al. Induction of Human and;beta;-defensins and Psoriasin in Vulvovaginal Human Papillomavirus-Associated Lesions. J Infect Dis. 1 aoand;ucirc;t 2011;204(3):391?9.&#13;
	Hubert P, Herman L, Roncarati P, Maillard C, Renoux V, Demoulin S, et al. Altered and;alpha;-defensin 5 expression in cervical squamo columnar junction: implication in the formation of a viral/ tumour-permissive micro environment. J Pathol. dand;eacute;c 2014; 234 (4): 464?77.&#13;
	Tang A. Rand;ocirc;le des lymphocytes B dans land;#39;immunitand;eacute; anti-tumorale dans un modand;egrave;le murin de cancer liand;eacute; au papillomavirus humain (HPV) [Internet]. Sorbonne Paris Citand;eacute;; 2015 [citand;eacute; 20 janv 2018]. Disponible sur: http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC248&#13;
	Gutierrez-Xicotencatl L, Salazar-Piand;ntilde;a DA, Pedroza-Saavedra A, Chihu-Amparan L, Rodriguez-Ocampo AN, Maldonado-Gama M, et al. Humoral Immune Response Against Human Papillomavirus as Source of Biomarkers for the Prediction and Detection of Cervical Cancer. Viral Immunol. mars 2016; 29 (2): 83?94.&#13;
	Meuris F, Carthagena L, Jaracz-Ros A, Gaudin F, Cutolo P, Deback C, et al. The CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Pathway: A New Susceptibility Factor in Human Papillomavirus Pathogenesis. PLoSPathog. dand;eacute;c 2016; 12(12): e1006039.&#13;
	Chow KYC, Brotin and;Eacute;, Ben Khalifa Y, Carthagena L, Teissier S, Danckaert A, et al. A pivotal role for CXCL12 signaling in HPV-mediated transformation of keratinocytes: clues to understanding HPV-pathogenesis in WHIM syndrome. Cell Host Microbe. 16 dand;eacute;c 2010; 8 (6): 523?33.&#13;
	Tassone L, Moratto D, Vermi W, De Francesco M, Notarangelo LD, Porta F, et al. Defect of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in warts, hypo- gammaglobulinemia, infections, myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome patients. Blood. 2 dand;eacute;c 2010; 116(23):4870?3.</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>